Zigawo zisanu za chipangizo choteteza ma surge (SPD)

Zipangizo zotetezera kugwedezeka (SPD) ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'magetsi amakono, zomwe zimateteza ku kukwera kwa magetsi kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kukwera kwa mafunde. Kufunika kwake sikunganyalanyazidwe, ndipo kumvetsetsa zinthu za SPD ndikofunikira kwambiri posankha chipangizo choyenera zosowa zanu. Ma SPD amapangidwa ndi zinthu zisanu zofunika: discharge gap, gas discharge chubu, suppressor diode, varistor ndi choke, zomwe chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poteteza zida zanu zamagetsi.

Mpata wotuluka ndiye gawo lofunikira la SPD ndipo umapangidwa ndi ndodo ziwiri zachitsulo zolekanitsidwa ndi mpata winawake. Ndodo imodzi yachitsulo imalumikizidwa ndi waya wamagetsi L1 kapena waya wopanda mbali (N) wa zida zotetezedwa, ndipo ndodo ina yachitsulo imalumikizidwa ndi waya wapansi (PE). Pakachitika kupitirira mphamvu kwa nthawi yochepa, mpata wotuluka umasweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo la mphamvu yopitilira mphamvu lizitsogozedwa pansi, zomwe zimalepheretsa magetsi kukwera pazida zotetezedwa. Ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, magwiridwe ake osakwanira ozimitsa magetsi apangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha, monga mipata ya angular, yomwe imapereka mphamvu zabwino zozimitsira magetsi.

Chinthu china chofunikira ndi chubu chotulutsira mpweya, chomwe chimakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zozizira za cathode zomwe zili mu chubu chagalasi kapena cha ceramic chodzazidwa ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito. Chinthuchi chimawonjezera mwayi woyambitsa chubu chotulutsira mpweya ndipo chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochotsa mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo kuchokera ku zida zodziwikiratu. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zothandizira nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kuti ziwongolere bwino ntchito ya chubu chotulutsira mpweya.

Ma diode oletsa kupanikizika ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zili ndi ntchito zoletsa kutsekereza ndi kutsekereza magetsi. Imagwira ntchito m'dera lowonongeka kumbuyo, ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yotsekereza magetsi komanso yankho lachangu, ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chomaliza chotetezera m'mabwalo oteteza amitundu yambiri. Khalidwe lake la volt-ampere limayimiridwa ndi fomula I=CUα, kuwonetsa ma coefficients ake osakhala a mzere, kuwonetsanso momwe imagwirira ntchito poyang'anira kukwera kwa magetsi ndi kukwera kwa magetsi.

Mu ukadaulo wamakono wofulumira, kufunika kwa zida zodalirika zotetezera ma surge sikunakhalepo kwakukulu. Kudzera mu kulumikizana kovuta kwa zigawo zisanu zazikuluzi, ma SPD amapereka chitetezo champhamvu ku ma voltage transients, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zamagetsi zodziwika bwino zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso nthawi yayitali. Pamene machitidwe amagetsi akuchulukirachulukira, kufunikira kwa mayankho okwanira oteteza ma surge kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumvetsetsa zigawo za SPD kukhale kofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti kukhazikitsa magetsi amakono ndi kotetezeka komanso kogwira mtima.